Boiling Point Of Water At Pressure Calculator

Clausius-Clapeyron Equation:

\[ T_b = \frac{1}{\frac{1}{T_0} - \frac{R}{\Delta H_{vap}} \ln \left( \frac{P}{P_0} \right)} \]

Pressure (P):

Reference Temperature (T₀):

Reference Pressure (P₀):

Enthalpy of Vaporization (ΔHvap):

J/mol

Boiling Point (T_b):

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1. What is the Clausius-Clapeyron Equation?

The Clausius-Clapeyron equation describes the relationship between pressure and temperature at phase transitions. It's particularly useful for calculating the boiling point of liquids at different pressures.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the Clausius-Clapeyron equation:

\[ T_b = \frac{1}{\frac{1}{T_0} - \frac{R}{\Delta H_{vap}} \ln \left( \frac{P}{P_0} \right)} \]

Where:

\( T_b \) — Boiling point at pressure P (K)
\( T_0 \) — Reference boiling point (373.15 K at 1 atm)
\( R \) — Gas constant (8.314 J/mol·K)
\( \Delta H_{vap} \) — Enthalpy of vaporization for water (J/mol)
\( P \) — Pressure (Pa)
\( P_0 \) — Standard pressure (101325 Pa)

Explanation: The equation relates the boiling point temperature to pressure through thermodynamic principles of phase change.

3. Importance of Boiling Point Calculation

Details: Accurate boiling point calculation is crucial for various applications including chemical engineering, cooking at high altitudes, meteorological studies, and industrial processes involving phase changes.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter pressure in Pascals, reference temperature in Kelvin, reference pressure in Pascals, and enthalpy of vaporization in J/mol. All values must be positive and valid.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Why does water boil at different temperatures at different pressures?
A: Boiling occurs when vapor pressure equals atmospheric pressure. At higher altitudes with lower pressure, water boils at lower temperatures.

Q2: What is the typical enthalpy of vaporization for water?
A: At 100°C, the enthalpy of vaporization for water is approximately 40,660 J/mol, though it decreases with increasing temperature.

Q3: Can this equation be used for other liquids?
A: Yes, but you need the appropriate enthalpy of vaporization and reference values for the specific liquid.

Q4: What are the limitations of this equation?
A: It assumes constant enthalpy of vaporization and ideal gas behavior, which may not hold perfectly over large temperature ranges.

Q5: How accurate is this calculation for practical purposes?
A: For most engineering and scientific applications, it provides sufficiently accurate results, though experimental verification may be needed for precise work.