1. What is the Clausius-Clapeyron Equation?

The Clausius-Clapeyron equation describes the relationship between vapor pressure and temperature for a substance. It allows calculation of boiling points at different pressures or vapor pressures at different temperatures.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the Clausius-Clapeyron equation:

Where:

• \( T_b \) — Boiling point (K)
• \( T_0 \) — Reference temperature (K)
• \( R \) — Gas constant (8.314 J/mol·K)
• \( \Delta H_{vap} \) — Enthalpy of vaporization (J/mol)
• \( P \) — Vapor pressure (Pa)
• \( P_0 \) — Reference pressure (Pa)

Explanation: The equation calculates the boiling temperature where the vapor pressure equals the given pressure P.

3. Importance of Boiling Point Calculation

Details: Accurate boiling point calculation is crucial for chemical process design, distillation operations, and understanding phase behavior of substances under different pressure conditions.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter all values in appropriate units. Temperature must be in Kelvin, enthalpy in J/mol, and pressure in Pascals. All values must be positive.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What assumptions does this equation make?
A: The equation assumes constant enthalpy of vaporization and ideal gas behavior, which may not hold over large temperature ranges.

Q2: Can I use different pressure units?
A: Yes, but all pressure values must use the same units (convert to Pa for this calculator).

Q3: What is a typical reference pressure?
A: Atmospheric pressure (101325 Pa) is commonly used as reference pressure P₀.

Q4: How accurate is this calculation?
A: Accuracy depends on the validity of constant ΔH_vap assumption. More accurate for small temperature differences.

Q5: Can this be used for mixtures?
A: No, this equation is for pure substances. Mixtures require more complex calculations.